Besides the Vorgangspassiv (werden + past participle), the passive voice can also be expressed through other forms, the so-called Konkurrenzformen.
These alternative ways of passive voice formation are divided in two groups; the first includes ways of passive voice formation with a modal meaning and the second includes ways of passive voice formation without a modal meaning.
Here is an overview of these alternative ways:
| alternative ways of passive voice formation without a modal meaning |
| bekommen, erhalten, kriegen + past participle (Partizip II) |
| empty verb + verbal noun |
| reflexive construction with impersonal subject |
| alternative ways of passive voice formation with a modal meaning |
| sich lassen + infinitive |
| sein + zu + infinitive |
| sein + adjective ending in -bar, -lich, -fähig |